Chapter 1- What is Geomorphology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Part 1-What is Geomorphology - Essay Example â€Å"The word geomorphology is a piece of three Greek words; ‘geo’ implies earth, ‘morph’ implies structure and ‘-ology’ implies discourse† (Hugget, 2011). So the investigation of earth structures is called geomorphology. A few people just incorporate the types of earth’s surface while others additionally incorporate surfaces of different planets, for example, Moon, Venus and so on. â€Å"There are three segments of geomorphology; constitution (the compound structure of the surface), mass stream (the pace of stream of the material; pace of dissipation) and design (the shape and size; geometry of the surface)† (Hugget, 2011). Antiquated Greek logicians pondered about mountains and fields, and how they took up the shape they show up in. Greats like Aristotle and Seneca have since a long time ago considered how valleys and waterways came to fruition, and why shells end up at the sea shores, and why deltas of the earth are â€Å"as they appear to be† (Hugget, 2011). Landforms desert a history them. Waves on a sea shore or a waterway that quit streaming, all have history however many may pass by unnoticed due to leaving no impression (stratigraphic record). Along these lines it gets simpler to consider landforms, information assortment with respect to this likewise gets simpler. Previously, geomorphologists used to outline structures dependent on the rule of â€Å"the present is the way in to the past† (Hugget, 2011). This made it the ideal suspicion that the current type of the scene has advanced from an earlier time and effectively following back would prompt the past type of earth morphology. William Morris Davis, the morphologist who explained the term ‘geographical cycle’. To portray Morris’s hypothesis on Geomorphology in modest number of words; the elevate happens rapidly, while scenes slants decay through time. The surface, similar to people and other living creatures has phases of life; youth, development and mature age. Times have

What Is Meant by Employer Militancy Essay Example

What Is Meant by Employer Militancy? Article MGTS2607 Essay What is implied by manager militancy? How have business activities towards worker's guilds changed since the finish of the 1980’s? Why have Australian businesses embraced this difference in approach? Understudy: Samantha Freeman Student Number: 41022715 Tutor: Dr Tom Bramble Due Date: sixteenth September 2008 WORD COUNT: 1,900 This exposition will respond to the three article addresses set forward. Right off the bat, it will quickly clarify what is implied by boss militancy. It will diagram the primary highlights of the forceful methodology received by bosses in their relations with worker's organizations since the 1980’s. Furthermore, this exposition will depict the adjustments in business activities towards associations. It will diagram the various stages that have happened during the change just as talking about patterns which represent the developing propensity of managers to either stand up to or abstain from managing associations or evade managing them totally. Ultimately, this exposition will advance reasons with regards to why Australian bosses have attempted this difference in approach. It will diagram different variables, for example, affordable, political and changes in enactment that will assist with clarifying this adjustment in approach. This exposition will likewise consolidate the decrease in worker's organization inclusion as both an outcome and a reason for this adjustment in approach. Since the 1980s, Australian businesses have gotten progressively threatening towards worker's organizations over and due their apparent extreme contribution in anticipating business conditions, discretion and questions. We will compose a custom article test on What Is Meant by Employer Militancy? explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on What Is Meant by Employer Militancy? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on What Is Meant by Employer Militancy? explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer This has made the wonder that’s been named manager militancy. Alexander et al. (2008:97) characterize business militancy as ‘willingness of bosses to utilize legitimate activity to make sure about correctional harms against an exchange union’. It is a forceful enemy of association approach, in which bosses effectively looking for approaches to underestimate worker's guilds, with the assistance of their manager association. There are a few principle highlights of an aggressor manager, behavours, for example, hostile lockout (Briggs, 2004:110) means to decrease the bartering intensity of the associations. The vast majority of the heaviset affecting changes to the modern relations framework started to show in the late 1980’s. The procedure began with the ‘managed de-centralisation’ of the ‘second level system’, where just because, portrayal for representatives concerning their wages and states of work had the option to be haggled straightforwardly by managers and their affiliations and associations (McDonald and Rimmer, 1989 as refered to by Cooper, 2005: 159). Before the 1990s, grants were a focal and recognizing highlight of work guideline in Australia (Bray et al, 2006:45). Grants were actually a type of state guideline which was controlled by the choice of an outsider mediator selected by the legislature (the Australian Industrial Relations Commission) in settling questions between enrolled associations. As Bray and Waring (2006) clarify, grants were from a sensible perspective, the aftereffect of a mind boggling structure of joint dynamic in which representatives, their associations, businesses, their managers affiliations, governments and councils added to the guideline of work conditions †principally wages and pay rates. The disappointment of the Second Tier to direct macroeconomic weights in mix with the rising weight from business gatherings, for example, the Business Council of Australia supported gatherings inside the framework to grow new methods. The most huge among the new strategies was the chance of a progressively decentralized framework (Wooden and Sloan, 1998:178) which gave more prominent chances to managers and laborers to haggle straightforwardly over wages at the venture and working environment level, without the associations. The AIRC was discontent with the new aggregate bartering standard, and endeavored to block its execution. It was through these activities that the adjustments in the Industrial Relations Act 1988 were first made. These corrections decreased the capacity of the Commission to get engaged with the venture bartering process, and unavoidably lead to the death of the Industrial Relations Reform Act in 1993. These ammendents included, in addition to other things, the presentation of a non-association/aggregate haggling framework as Enterprise Flexibility Agreements. The goal of the 1993 Industrial Relations Reform Act, for instance, was to make undertaking dealing the fundamental procedure for deciding wages and different onditions of work. Grants kept on giving viable guideline to representatives who were loathing the advantages of big business bartering, regardless of whether grant compensation rose gradually and fell well behind pay increments in big business understandings (Bray and so forth al, 2006). The Business Council of Australia’s solid help for big business dealing and for a debilitated job for mediation courts steadily turned into the standard situation among most Australian managers, even among the individuals who had recently bolstered concentrated bartering (Thornthwaite and Sheldon, 1996). This was the first run through ever, in which the associations were barred from having any contribution in all types of understanding in relations to work conditions in the government purview. It was at the hour of this presentation that it became apparent that these understandings would permit businesses to start to de-unionize their activities and to quicken their move towards a non-association status. The most radical modern relations changes of the previous 20 or so years was gotten not long after the appointment of the Howard government in 1996. While talking at a Young Liberals’ Conference he insinuated his objective of de-bringing together Australian work relations. ‘The objectives of significant changes, more employments and better, higher wages, can't be accomplished except if the association syndication over the haggling forms in our modern relations framework is dismantled’ (Howard 1996, cited in van Barneveld Nassif, 2003). Not long after this, the Howard government was chosen into power. Not long after the administration was brought into position, The Workplace Relations Act 1996 was presented. This Act cut back the substance of grants fundamentally. This wound up driving the associations to approach attempting to secure workers’ privileges by endeavoring to push grant specifications into big business understandings. (Cooper, 2005: 160). The demonstration definitely cut off the capacity of the Australian Industrial Relations Commission (AIRC) to mediate in modern questions and presented rather substantial fines for associations endeavoring ‘unprotected’ activity, for example, strikes. The Act likewise presented singular Australian Workplace Agreements (AWAs) which barred associations. Cooper, 2005: 160) With the execution of the new Workplace Relations Act 1996, Australian associations lost their syndication dealing rights (Bray and Walsh, 1998: 373). This, among different changes in the Act made it significantly increasingly hard for the associations to get to or to speak to laborers, yet it made it simpler for businesses to pick whether, and to what de gree, they would arrange and deal with aggregate agents of their workers. Alongside changes to modern enactment, associations have additionally reserved their privilege to get to working environments, individuals and non-individuals limited. Since 1996 association authorities have had right of access just when they had patrons at a site and afterward just when they gave bosses notice of their expectation to visit. As laid out by Wooden and Sloan (1998), the quantity of enrolled understandings has kept on expanding since 1991 when formalized aggregate understandings initially got conceivable. Between October 1991 and October 1997, around 15,000 government understandings had been formalized by the Australian Industrial Relations Commission, with the quantity of representatives assessed to be secured by these understandings arriving at 1. 4 million by late 1996, or 64 percent of representatives inside the inclusion of the government grants framework. In 2004 the Howard government won an expanded larger part in the House of Representatives just as unlimited authority in the Senate. Not long a short time later, the WorkChoices bill was passed. This new demonstration further decreased the intensity of the AIRC just as weakenin g the norms against which work environment understandings were to be contrasted with before turning out to be into impact. It likewise aided the formation of individual worker contracts and annulled the out of line excusal insurance for any business that had under 100 representatives working for them. WorkChoices confined unions’ capacity to make mechanical move just as having the option to uphold aggregate dealing. It additionally made arranging any non-association worksites altogether more troublesome than in had been in earlier years. At the point when WorkChoices was actualized, the procedure for associations in making lawful mechanical move got troublesome, exorbitant and had the capability of making the two associations and their individuals defenseless to huge fines and tort harms. Conversely, because of WorkChoices, business access to ensured lock-outs is practically boundless. Under WorkChoices there was no prerequisite for bosses to make any strides whatsoever to haggle with an association, paying little mind to the level of their representatives who were either patrons, or had communicated their desire to go into an association aggregate concurrence with their boss. This new enactment enabled bosses to minimize associations, evade unionization also a

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Columbia Business Schools End-of-Semester Push

Blog Archive Friday Factoid Columbia Business Schools End-of-Semester Push Although summer seems to have just ended, first-year Columbia Business School (CBS) students have only a few short months before they enter the last big push of their first semester in December, with finals wrapping up and the next semester not beginning until mid-January. The end of regular classes at the school is traditionally marked by CBS Follies, a student-run comedy and entertainment show, as well as an End of Semester Party, and those looking to stay involved with CBS and their classmates during the holiday break have plenty of opportunities to do so. Many students go abroad during the break to such places as Korea, Brazil, and Australia on  Chazen Study Tours  or as part of consulting projects through the International Development Club. And students wishing for a complete break from the classroom can take part in the Snow Sports Club’s annual Winter Ski Trip in early January. Although the long break can offer a welcome rest from the stress of first-semester classes, recrui ting season for first years begins once they return to campus for second semester. So, one way or another, this is a good time for CBS students to clear their heads. For more information on CBS or 15 other leading MBA programs, check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Columbia University (Columbia Business School) Friday Factoids

The Republic of Rwanda Essay - 1438 Words

The Republic of Rwanda As the universe progresses so do different societies and civilizations. From the beginning of mankind there have been many positive and negative changes. We have seen uproar of conflict within nations and boundaries. This change has been seen evident in countries other than just the United States, from coast to coast, continent to continent, war and struggle is noticeable. Progress is evident in countries from their period of colonization to their struggle for independence and struggle in the political arena. The following paper will focus on the struggle and hardships of two distinct countries: Rwanda and Mexico, countries in search for the power, recognition and†¦show more content†¦Prior to WW1 Rwanda was named Ruanda-Urandi, a territory occupied by Belgium. After WW1 the League of Nations mandated Belgium to administer Rwanda and in 1946 the country became a Belgium trust territory under the United Nations. During 40 years of Belgium administration, as under most colo nial dispensations, we observe the disintegration, distortion or bastardization of indigenous social and political structures and consequences. Until 1959, the Tutsis formed the dominant caste under a feudal system based on cattleholding. In 1959, three years before independence, the majority ethnic group, the Hutus overthrew the ruling Tutsi king. Over the next several years thousands of Tusis were killed and some 150,000 driven into exile in neighboring countries. The monopolization of power in the hands of Tutsi constituted a crucial and undisputed factor in firmly establishing the ethnic cleavage. This colonial intervention caused the groups to become distinct political categories. In a certain sence, we have here an instance of ethnogenesis (Roosems, 1989), which in the case of Rwanda would inevitably lead to a reaction on the part of Hutu that they have been excluded of power. Tutsi discourse has drawn inordinate conclusions from theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment Of Rwanda, Darfur, And The Democratic Republic Of The Congo1340 Words   |  6 Pageschange cause resource scarcity. A lack of resources can cause an increase in violent ethnic conflicts, and, in dire circumstances, can even bring about crimes against humanity and genocide. Genocide and crimes against humanity in Rwanda, Darfur, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo have been explained by the tragic struggle over resources created by climat4e change induced stress on the environment. However, climate change being a reality is in question to a number of people, and a link betweenRead MoreCommon Causes of War and Genocide Essay example1271 Words   |  6 PagesGenocide and war share many common causes such as desperation brought on by a declining economy. Experts on the Central African Republic believe that current events point to a possible repeat of the Rwandan genocide of 1994, in which over one million people were killed. Many think that U.N. involvement is necessary to stop the escalating violence in the Central African Republic; others believe that the dismal track record of the U.N. in si milar situations makes it unlikely that they could be effectiveRead MoreBosnian Rwandan Genocide Comparison Essay834 Words   |  4 PagesDiscuss and Analyze the similarities and differences between the genocide committed in Rwanda and Yugoslavia in the 1990s. The Rwandan and Bosnian Genocides were more similar than different due to the fact that both were supported by the governing force at the time, and both were ignited due to past tensions between two separate ethnicities. The Rwandan and Bosnian Genocides were similar in the fact that both were supported by the ruling force at the time. The Rwandan Genocide, was organizedRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Botswana, South Africa Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesa broad sense. The epidemic is known as the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and the virus Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) (†¦). For this research paper, the countries of Botswana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe will be each contrasted to Rwanda. the Southern African Countries’ mentioned previously HIV/AIDS rates are among the highest in Africa because of the lack of government action; whereas Rwanda’s rate of infection is among the lowest. Questions that should be answered by the end ofRead MoreFactors Affecting Prevalence And Treatment Outcomes Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1005 Words   |  5 Pagesand Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rwanda Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough Insulin (impaired insulin secretion) or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced (insulin resistance) resulting in increased blood glucose (â€Å"Endocrine System.† Internal Medicine Clinical Treatment Guidelines. Republic of Rwanda Ministry of Health, 2012 ). Symptoms include frequent urination, lethargyRead More Roots of the Rwandan Genocide1739 Words   |  7 PagesApril 6, 1994, Rwanda experienced a period of great turmoil as thousands of people fell victim to the horrors of the Rwandan genocide. The main targets of the genocide were Tutsis and Hutu moderates. Though the main cause of the genocide was a conflict between two ethnicities, the genocide was also fueled by political factors and social conditions. Rwanda is the smallest sub-Saharan country with a population of about 7 million inhabitants. Although the indigenous peoples of Rwanda are the Twa, theyRead MoreEssay about Democratic Republic of Congo Holocaust922 Words   |  4 Pages The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) Holocaust was the bloodiest war fought. This was due to the death toll, possibly larger than that of the Holocaust. Between 1998 and 2007, there were a total of 5.4 million people dead. The number of those deaths has definitely gone up over the years (Heaton 1). Genocide is very vital because of the people being slaughtered and giving their lives away in order to support their political stance. Everyone, whether it is through war or poverty, suffers from thisRead MoreThe Genocide in Rwanda 1001 Words   |  5 PagesPaul Kagame, the President of Rwanda, once quoted that, â€Å"When we are unified, working together, no challenge is insurmountable† (Arnlaugsdottir). His quote holds meaning and truth as within the past twenty years, Rwanda has worked miraculously to rebuild and reunite the country that was left disheveled by social conflict and genocide. There are many factors that have contributed to the reconstruction of Rwanda, including international assistance, gacaca courts and International Criminal TribunalRead MoreThe Rwandan Genocide766 Words   |  3 PagesThe Tutsi are a people who live in Rwanda, Burundi, and the northeastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The location, size, and history, most importantly, is why the Tutsi tribe the second largest population div ision among the three largest groups in Rwanda and Burundi, the other two being the Hutu and the Twa. Although the Tutsi tribe is one of the most known tribes in Africa, it comes from a long way of fighting for its rights and independence. Rwanda and Burundi contain many mountainsRead MoreAn Inside Look at Rwanda Essays1195 Words   |  5 PagesRwanda is one of the smaller countries in Africa located south of the equator in Central/ Eastern Africa. It has a number of lakes, the largest being Lake Kivu. Mountains cut through the majority of Central and Western Rwanda, its Eastern border, however consists of swamps, savannas and plains. Rwanda is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The country is home to various cultures and languages such as Kinyarwanda (Bantu) and French. Although mostly recovered

To Lower or Not to Lower the Legal Drinking Age to 18,...

Every year thousands of young adults attend college with the hope of expanding their career opportunities, but are these young adults doing more than studying and homework? A new study suggests that binge drinking is on the rise among college students (Eisenberg n.p.). With an increase of alcohol consumption by underage drinkers, it only seems logical to lower the drinking age to prevent binge drinking, however there are far more consequences to be seen. Lowering the drinking age to 18 will not solve the binge drinking problem among college students but will cause more problems. In this paper I will explain the reason why lowering the drinking age will not stop binge drinking and the adverse effects this could have. Students who begin†¦show more content†¦Because drinking affects the mind, suicide among young adults would increase ( Alcantara 468). Lowering the drinking age will increase peer pressure to consume more alcohol and lead to binge drinking. College provides the perfect environment for peer pressure. Often times having fun at college means alcohol will be involved. It can be hard not to fall in that trap of wanting to fit in when your roommate and buddies are drinking. â€Å"Peer effects on binge drinking are robust, regardless of gender and prior drinking† (Eisenberg n.p.). Peer pressure can not only affect 18 year old college students but younger students as well. Peer pressure may lead to the selling of alcohol to students younger than 18. 18 year olds could very easily buy alcohol for a younger student (Alcantara 468). Younger peers would have more success with a fake idea for 18 than 21(Alcantara 468). The number of young binge drinkers would increase because of easier access. â€Å"Alcohol is one for the most used and abused drugs among teenagers in the U.S.†(Alcantara). Lowering the drinking age will not prevent binge drinking because people who are of age are prone to binge drinking. College students are not the only drinkers who binge (Evensen 465). Up to 70 percent of excessive drinking episodes happen among those 26 and older, this age is sixShow MoreRelatedWhy Lowering The Drinking Age Is A Good Idea?. Lowering1627 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Drinking Age is a Good Idea? Lowering the drinking age to 18 in the United States has been a source of controversy in recent years. It has been a controversial topic because many people disagree, while many agree with the topic. For example, the people who disagree and are against lowering the drinking age to 18 believe we should not lower the drinking age because 18 year old individuals are not responsible enough to drink alcohol. While, the people who agree we should lower the drinking ageRead MoreDrinking Age Annotated Bibliography Essay969 Words   |  4 PagesChange the Age to Save the Lives The legal drinking age in the United States is the only age that is above 19 years of age. Everywhere else in the world the age is 19 and under and some countries don’t even have a drinking age. The drinking age should be lowered to 18 because it will help all the problems that come with underage drinking. There is a numerous amount of reasons to change the drinking age to 18 and there are also many opposing thoughts on it as well. Three reasons to lower the drinkingRead MoreKeeping the Minimum Legal Drinking Age1283 Words   |  6 Pagesconducting an idea to whether lower the minimum legal drinking age in the United States or not. Many Americans forbid the idea of legalizing the drinking age so that it would be profitable to the businesses. Likewise, there have been many advantages and disadvantages of why should the government allow young adults drink under the age of 21. To prevent this issue, many Americans have provided reasoning that will support the idea of keeping th e minimum legal drinking age where it is now. The governmentRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be 18 Essay677 Words   |  3 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Did you know that in the year 1980 the legal drinking age was only 18? In 1987 there was a law passed that said in order to drink legally and to buy alcohol a person had to be 21. At the age of 18 people are allowed to buy tobacco, vote, get married without parental consent, and even join the armed forces, so why can’t some one who is 18 by alcohol. This is a question I have; I believe that the legal drinking age should be 18. Dr. Ruth Engs, a professor of Applied Heath Sciences atRead More Lowering the Legal Minimum Drinking Age Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesunderage drinking has become a major problem, especially on college campuses. But, underage drinking is not purely the root of all accidents related to alcohol. The real problem lies within the unsafe underage drinking habits amongst youth. There are ways that these alcohol-related accidents can be avoided. Several organizations have been created that are targeting a change in the legal drinking age laws. One key way to lower the risk of unsafe drinking is to lower the minimum legal drinking age fromRead More The Drinking Age Should NOT Be Lowered Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesminimum legal drinking age. Choose Responsibility, a group founded by John McCardell, proposes that upon completion of a 40 hour course to educate young people about alcohol, 18, 19, and 20 year old people should be licensed to drink. The Amethyst Initiative, part of Choose Responsibility, is a petition to Congress to rethink the minimum legal drinking age. Several college leaders have signed this petition in the belief that lowering the minimum legal drinking age will reduce binge drinking on collegeRead MoreIs it Right to Lower the Drinking Age?1070 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen an underlying issue. My question is, â€Å"Why should we lower the legal drinking ag e†? Current proposals to lower the minimum legal drinking age to 18 would have some benefits like increasing revenue for bars and liquor stores. However the risks surpass the benefits. Many people think that if you’re 18 you’re portrayed as an adult, you’re old enough to serve your country, vote, and make your own decisions. In some cases this could be true, but lowering the drinking age would be way too risky for themselvesRead MoreEssay on Stakeholder Analyses for Us Drinking Age986 Words   |  4 Pagesthe United States already know, the national minimum age for purchasing alcohol is twenty-one. However, prior to the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, some states lowered the drinking age below 21 (mainly as a result of the lowered voting age). The Drinking Age Act was put into place as a result of a correlation between young drinking and motor vehicle fatalities. Under the provisions of the Act, any states with a minimum drinking age below 21 a re subject to a 10% cut in highway fundingRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1211 Words   |  5 Pages Some people find it hard to understand that at the age of eighteen you can fight and die for your country, but you cannot legally drink or purchase alcoholic beverages. Others find it hard to believe that there are people who want people under the age of twenty-one drinking. The important question is: should the drinking age be lowered to eighteen instead of remaining at twenty-one? The legal drinking age is the age at which a person can consume or purchase alcohol. These laws cover a wide rangeRead MoreMandatory Legal Drinking Age Should Be Banned982 Words   |  4 Pagesaround 12,000 years. The MLDA didn’t always used to be set at 21. In the late 60s states began to lower their MLDA, although this resulted in many deaths alcohol related. President Reagan signed off a law saying that the MLDA (Minimum legal drinking age) must be at 21. This was proven to be safer and reduced number of alcohol related deaths. There are many debates that argue whether or not we should lower our MLDA in the US. The MLDA should stay at 21. There are many reasons supporting this such as

Budgeting Example

Essays on Budgeting Admission/Application Essay Budgeting Part I Type of Budget The type of budget presented by St. Paul Family Learning Center, Minnesota is a flexible budget that represents different working figures depended on the number of students that the school is contemplating to work with during the anticipated learning period. The fact that the budget explores various levels of operation in deliberating the amount of expenditure to be incurred under the period in consideration is the representation of the flexibility exhibited in the figures. A flexible budget is adjustable to a number of operation levels in order to make it representational of the actual operation level (Edwards Hermanson and Invacevich, 2007). Reimbursements and Expenditure From the budgeted figures, each student will have revenue apportioned at USD 5996 at the 60-operation student level, which attracts expenses at USD 6963 for the same level. This implies that at this level, there will be no reimbursement USD (5996-6963= -967) but fees payable totaling to USD 967 per student. At the 100 students-operation level, revenues per student totals to USD 5830 and expenditure totaling to USD 5061 which gives reimbursements of USD (5830-5061=769). On the final level of operation for 120 students, revenues per student amount to USD 5667 while expenditure per student amounts to USD 4804 giving reimbursements of USD (5667-4804=863). Highest Expense Categories Among the highest expense categories across the operation levels are development and recurrent elements of the school’s operation. For instance, the building lease attracts a fixed expense of over USD 102,000 while salaries account for USD 218,331; 180,630 and 180,623 for student operation levels of 120, 100 and 60 respectively. This illustrates the implication of higher operation levels on the actual expenses, while also gives an account of the revenue generating capacity of a higher level of operation. Expenses Nearly all the expense categories appear logical for inclusion in a school budget. However, there are some scrutiny issues that can raise issues on their validity. Some of the expenses included in the budget are seemingly not necessary such as field trips for students which for instance stand at USD 2640 at the 60 students-operating level, whose correction ought to give a lower figure at USD 2400 at USD 40 per student. The difference of in this figure is not justifiable which raises questions on the necessity of the entire expenditure. Viability and Break Even Analysis Apparently, operations at the current budget for the 60 students-operation level are not viable and needs consideration and readjustment. The break even analysis would be achieved if the school management can fix its expenditure at the exact revenue level. This implies that the operations are streamlined for expenditure projections not to exceed, neither less than the available revenue. This implies that the expenditure for all the operation levels are fixed at USD 395,715; 583,000 and 680,063 for 60, 100 and 120 students operating levels respectively. Benefits of the Budget The budget enables the management to control operations within the limits that the revenues can support as well as offer operation guidelines. Budget making involves various departments which also act in coordination of activities in an organization. Uses of the Budget The budget is used as the financial guide in departmental involvement with expenditure items. It is therefore used in the management engagement with financial aspect and sustainability of the organization. Part II Variance Analysis: Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages i) Detection of favorable and unfavorable operation activities assists in control. ii) Assist in determination of flexibility limits for costs. iii) Assists in setting of internal control standards at the departmental level in terms of finance. iv) Variance analysis assists in achieving congruence of goals thereby reducing suboptimality. Disadvantages i) Variance analysis depends on the setting of standards which could be incorrect. ii) Standard setting affects employees’ performance if the implementation is not accurately done iii) Temporal element means that the set standards are faced with obsolescence iv) It is a time consuming activity and usually complicated (Brown, 1991). Complementary and Alternative Performance Measures An important modification of the intentions of variance analysis is the scorecard approach which targets different departments in terms of performance. The balanced scorecard approach formulates performance standards from which performance can be evaluated (Walter, 2011). In light of this operation, the mechanism of the variance analysis is maximized and extended to other departments and applications. References Brown, G. (1991) Cost and management accounting I. Lonodn, UK: ACCA Edwards, J. D., Hermanson, R. H. Invacevich, S. D. (2007) â€Å"Accounting Principles: A Business Perspective. First Global Text Edition, Volume 2 Managerial Accounting, 108-113, 128-134, 165-169 and 181-183.† Retrieved from: http://docs.globaltext.terry.uga.edu:8095/anonymous/webdav/Accounting%20Principles/Accounting%20Principles%20Vol.%202.pdf Walter, L. M. (2011) â€Å"Principles of Accounting: A Complete Online Text, Chapters 21 and 22,† Retrieved from http://www.principlesofaccounting.com/

My Awakening free essay sample

Edna Pontellier, the free-spirited, yet bogged-down main character of Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, is like me in many respects. Her marriage, an eternally binding agreement, is much like my relationship with my father, who gave me life and lovingly reared me alongside my mother. Mrs. Pontellier and I both feel restricted, like our independence and our passions have been diluted and nearly taken from us, and in response to our respective â€Å"awakenings† we became nearly detrimentally free. Her story helped me notice at just the right time the consequences of my individualism, and I pulled back in order to salvage my relationship with my father. At a very young age, my dad conversed with me about current issues, politics, and religion, partly because he had so few people with whom to have these mature conversations. I was most interested in religion. It sparked my imagination, and I would spend time reading and philosophizing even apart from my father. We will write a custom essay sample on My Awakening or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At one point, I confidently described myself as he described himself: a conservative Christian. However, when I went to high school, I was exposed to a multitude of different beliefs via science classes, literature, and classmates, and that absolute security started to shake. I was swimming in a sea of freedom and diversity, and it was such a beautiful thing! This sea beckoned me, as the literal sea did to Edna in The Awakening. She was exposed to new lovers; I was exposed to new ways of thinking, from Buddhism to Mormonism. I kept myself open to everything. All this time, however, my father continued to tell me about how evil anyone who wasn’t a â€Å"true Christian† was, so I couldn’t bring myself to tell him of my spiritual journey. Still, I grew frustrated, openly calling him close-minded and hateful. He appeared to become depressed and lonely. His words struck me deep down in my still insecure soul: â€Å"When did I lose you? Where did my daughter go?† This was the time I began reading The Awakening. Edna’s story made me realize my once healthy bond with my dad was gasping for air in my beautiful, vast sea of freedom, just like she did. But what was I supposed to do? I couldn’t completely abandon my spirituality. I was already awake in this beautiful world; was I supposed to close my eyes? According to Kate Chopin, individualism and cold solitude go hand in hand, and I have found this to be partially true. However, one thing I have discovered on my independent spiritual journey is, ironically, the importance of familial love. I don’t want to live in a depraved, lonely home; I don’t want to drown in the sea of solitary emptiness Edna was killed in; I want to give and receive love in any and every form. I have settled, therefore, on listening to my father’s rants, giving him the highest respect and love, in hopes that I can mend our rickety relationship. That way, I can harvest the benefits of individualism as well, alone, but not lonely. Mrs. Pontellier’s awakening and subsequent death by drowning taught me a very important lesson about the consequences of individuality and played an important role in my own â€Å"awakening†. It helped me discover that love presides over individual spirituality, especially when independence forcibly drives one into loneliness. Still, perhaps unlike Chopin may have expected, I am able to continue my growth as a person independent of my father.

Growth strategies and key fundamentals

Growth strategy is a tactical plan devised and executed for the purpose of business expansion. Growth strategies should be part and parcel of every business whether small or big.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Growth strategies and key fundamentals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Expansion strategies are specifically essential for small business ventures which get easily influenced even by the slightest alterations in the market. Changes in the customers, price and competition can negatively affect the growth of any business. Having a strategic plan of growth provides a sense of direction for a business and helps a lot in the minimization of the effects of market place changes (Sabharwal, n.d). This paper compares and contrasts different growth strategies and key fundamentals that should be considered before embarking on an important strategy of growth and wealth building. Every organization has the responsibil ity of formulating its specific expansion strategy according to its own uniqueness in order to function more competitively. The main growth strategies include expansion, diversification and modernization. Expansion entails escalation of the market share and increasing profits and sales returns of present products and services. This can be successfully done through increased production of existing products and services so as to satisfy a larger market hence increase in sales and profit. The expansion strategy is beneficial especially for those businesses that have a smaller share in the market (Sabharwal, n.d).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides expansion, diversification is a good growth strategy which involves the development of fresh products and services for fresh markets. It reaches a point where a business can no longer expand its existing products and services. Th erefore, for the purpose of increasing sales, the business should opt for diversification as a growth strategy. Moreover, diversification is not only about changing the outlook of a product or service but also adding completely different products and services. It is evident that there is a major difference between expansion and diversification. Expansion involves an increase in the production and sales of existing products while diversification entails the addition of entirely fresh products and fresh markets. A business can also use modernization as a strategy to realize growth. Modernization involves the improvement of technology to intensify production, enrich value and to trim down wastage and production expenses. The dilapidated and old-fashioned machines and equipment are exchanged with recent ones in order to guarantee efficiency and effectiveness. Moreover, modernization enables a business to become more competitive and enhances acquisition of up to date skills by employees. In addition, modernization enhances growth by ensuring that the profitability of a business is increased because of heightened efficiency and minimized wastage (Sabharwal, n.d). There are key fundamentals that should be considered in any business before embarking on the important strategy of growth.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Growth strategies and key fundamentals specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They fundamentals include the people that make up the business, the purpose for operating the business, the business processes that are undertaken to fulfill the purpose, the physical resources required to accomplish the processes and the customer who is willing to buy the products and services of a business. All these factors should be considered in order to determine the success of any growth strategy (McKaskill, 2010). Conclusion Every business should have a strategic action plan for the purpose of achieving a competitive advantage and to acquire a good share in the market. Therefore, growth strategies should be included in future plans of a business in order to enhance efficiency. A business without a growth strategy will be unable to survive in the market in this technological era. Businesses always choose their growth strategies depending on their individual needs. For instance, a business that faces the risk of its products becoming obsolete should opt for diversification as a way out. It is evident from the research that there are key aspects that should be in place in order to ensure a successful implementation of a growth strategy. The aspects which include the people, the resources and the customers work hand in hand in ensuring the survival and success of any business venture. Reference List McKaskill, T. (2010, February). Ultimate Growth Strategies. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sabharwal, S. (n.d). Alternative Growth Strategies for Small Business. Web. This essay on Growth strategies and key fundamentals was written and submitted by user Gloria F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Gender Discrimination At The Work Place

Abstract Gender discrimination prevails in society in general and at workplace in particular and the worst affected remains the women workforce to date. This research assignment presents statistics and arguments in support of its thesis statement thereby discussing the element of discrimination that exists in the corporate world on the basis of gender differences. The works cited page appends seven sources in MLA format. Outline I. Introduction II. Research findings: How big is the problem? III. Cause and effect chain of workplace discrimination IV. Conclusion Gender Discrimination in the Workplace Discrimination in any field of life is unjust as well as highly disturbing. However, workplace discrimination is a challenge faced by various organizations world over as well as a social dilemma and a professional hurdle that uncountable employees experience in today’s highly competitive work environment. The passages below throw light upon the extent to which gender discrimination exists in the U.S. work environment and the entire research assignment supports the thesis statement which claims that women are largely affected by gender discrimination in the workplace; a fact that has led to wage and power inequalities in the workplace between men and women and has resulted in other problems including psychological hazards and unjustified career constraints for women. Discussion is based on the extensive research conducted by the experts in the related field. Research Findings on Gender Discrimination: How big is the Problem? Although times have changed and so has the general mentality of the employers as well as the employees. However, the situation at the corporate level still needs to change. Women to date complain of gender discrimination at workplace particularly in the areas including â€Å"income, unemployment, and occupational distribution† (Trentham & Larwood). Statistics derived... Free Essays on Gender Discrimination At The Work Place Free Essays on Gender Discrimination At The Work Place Abstract Gender discrimination prevails in society in general and at workplace in particular and the worst affected remains the women workforce to date. This research assignment presents statistics and arguments in support of its thesis statement thereby discussing the element of discrimination that exists in the corporate world on the basis of gender differences. The works cited page appends seven sources in MLA format. Outline I. Introduction II. Research findings: How big is the problem? III. Cause and effect chain of workplace discrimination IV. Conclusion Gender Discrimination in the Workplace Discrimination in any field of life is unjust as well as highly disturbing. However, workplace discrimination is a challenge faced by various organizations world over as well as a social dilemma and a professional hurdle that uncountable employees experience in today’s highly competitive work environment. The passages below throw light upon the extent to which gender discrimination exists in the U.S. work environment and the entire research assignment supports the thesis statement which claims that women are largely affected by gender discrimination in the workplace; a fact that has led to wage and power inequalities in the workplace between men and women and has resulted in other problems including psychological hazards and unjustified career constraints for women. Discussion is based on the extensive research conducted by the experts in the related field. Research Findings on Gender Discrimination: How big is the Problem? Although times have changed and so has the general mentality of the employers as well as the employees. However, the situation at the corporate level still needs to change. Women to date complain of gender discrimination at workplace particularly in the areas including â€Å"income, unemployment, and occupational distribution† (Trentham & Larwood). Statistics derived...

Woman and Human Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Woman and Human Rights - Essay Example It was acclaimed in New York on18 December 1979 (Haan, 2010). This document proclaims that women should be protected by the government against discrimination. Numerous aspects connected with gender discrimination are considered in this document. Another regulative document is Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergency and Armed Conflict acclaimed on 14 December 1974 (Haan, 2010). This document guarantees protection of women and children rights in armed conflicts. Thus inhuman acts violating the rights of women and children are considered to be destructive in this document. Very often civilians suffer from armed conflicts for liberation or a struggle against an enemy. This issue is considered in the document in detail. Another document is Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women acclaimed by General Assembly resolution 48/104 on 20 December 1993 (Haan, 2010). This document propagates that â€Å"the rights and principles with regard to equality, s ecurity, liberty, integrity and dignity of all human beings† are practically and legally applied to women. Basically, the violence against women is understood as violation of rights and basic freedoms of women. As far as this document propagates non-violation against women it can be claimed that this document would practically help a ‘full advancement’ of women.... In accordance with world’s analysts, â€Å"unless we empower and render justice to women we stand little chance of making a dent on the problems of conflicts, underdevelopment and injustice† (Women Gaining Voice). Therefore there is a need to focus attention of the International Commission on human rights and other related organs on the necessity to centralize women interests and rights. On their behalf, Women’s organizations around the world should proclaim their rights and appeal to the society to support all women in the world. The situation is better in EU and America, but the countries of the Third World experience even greater complexities connected with women’s rights regulations (Pillai et al, 1999). For example, in Africa there is a fast development of women’s movement directed on development of women’s partnership with media, educational and training institutions etc. Thus, it is evident that hindering factors of promotion and prote ction of human rights in Africa are facilitated by active participation of women’s organizations in that country. The African Women’s Development and Communication Network (FEMNET) is a non-governmental organization though it has a strong goal: â€Å"to participate effectively the development of our continent and †¦ensuring that African women voices influence decisions made at different levels that impact of their lives† (Women Gaining Voice). Therefore it is evident that a struggle against oppression of human rights in Africa conducted locally is a sign of advancement of ‘women’s empowerment, development, equality and peace in Africa’ (Women Gaining Voice). Basically, reforms of women’s attitudes to their rights

Canada Employment Labor & Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Canada Employment Labor & Law - Essay Example Canadian labor laws require every employer to implement programs that are helpful to employees, the employer, the dependents of the employee and the community (the Canadian Charter for Occupational Health and Safety Act). This act obliges employers to provide a safe work place from sexual harassment and discrimination. On the employee and his dependents, occupational health programs should facilitate low personal health care costs, sustained earnings and increased productivity. It is the duty of the employer to offer safe work place from incidents such as discrimination and sexual harassment. The employer needs to probe incidents and take relevant actions to prevent similar event from happening in future. For instance, in this case, the employer should terminate work contract with Marcus Marques because his behaviors are dangerous and might lead to injury of other employees at the work place. The position of other nurses should not make the employer reinstate Marcus since they did not complain to the management. The situation would not be different if the Union was supporting Marcus reinstatement because his work relationship with nurses has proved futile. Marcus has violated the law by sexually harassing the two nurses at work. Even if the Union defended him, it would be hard for him to positively relate with fellow workers. The union needs to represent the interests of all employees including the two nurses; they should not be discriminated against. However, based on collective bargaining agreement between Marcus and Lester William hospital, his firing was not justified. Therefore, the union needs to step in and represent the grievances of the worker against the employer for failure to honor the collective bargaining agreement. Despite the fact that the two nurses are against Marcus reinstatement, it is the duty of the union not discriminate against him until the case is heard and

The Importance Of IHRM Management Essay

The Importance Of IHRM Management Essay Introduction Increasingly, companies are being wooed to expand into foreign lands and globalisation; a word so commonly hear nowadays till it seems to be a facet of modern business model. Some underlying reasons for companies to go global are technologies advancement, cost efficiency and trade specialisation. The above mentioned are just the tip of an iceberg as there are much more incentives which attract companies to globalize. However, as organisations reach outward for the market, many failed to recognise the importance of international human resource management (IHRM). Those organisations which hold little regard or no importance for IHRM often suffered setbacks and chain effect consequences. According to Stening et al (1997), while internationalisation of business has increased opportunities for organisations and staff, it has inevitability created a myriad of Human resource management (HRM) challenges related to multicultural workforce that is diverse. More then often, these challenges prove to be much complex and subtle in nature. In this essay, we will first look into the disparity between domestic and international HRM, the factors and elements that impetus the importance of IHRM and the knowledge and skill that are so relevant, yet scarce in our modern organisations structure. On top of that, we will be looking into the areas of problems and challenges that HR managers and the expatriates constantly faced. Disparity between Domestic and International HRM (IHRM) Many organisations often have a misconception when it comes to IHRM. They often think that they could simply applied domestic HRM policies overseas and attaining the same desire result back home. As a matter of fact, there is a vast difference between domestic HRM and IHRM, where the latter being much more complex and challenging. According to Stone(2008), domestic HRM is being defined as: HRM as practised within the geographical boundaries of one country. Its focus is the management of people in a single-country context While International HRM is being defined as: HRM as practised by multinational organisations. Its focus is the management of people in a multi-country context From Stones definitions, we can roughly tell the difference between domestic HRM and IHRM. Where domestic HRM is only practical in a single-country context, IHRM is applicable globally. Conceptualisation of International HRM policies Deriving from the basic of Human Resource Management (HRM), International HRM can be view as add on to the already existing HRM policies. Stone(2008), posed some valid questions with regard to developing international HRM policies. Some examples were: what kind of organisation are we looking at? Are we looking at a home country organisation, a multinational organisation or a truly global organisation? What are the organisations mission and vision? What is the organisation core business and how can the organisation be successful? And lastly, what type of culture is desired in the organisation. By answering Stone questions, HR managers can then conceptualise the basic foundation of the organisation, so as to set and streamline their HR policies to the organisation objectives. With that, we will be able to ensure that the organisation and their people are moving in the same direction. Challenges faced by International HRM Practising HRM in a different environment, culture and ethics background is sure challenging. Nevertheless, if IHRM is being executed appropriately, the reward reaped will contribute to the organisations growth indirectly. Some typical challenges that the HR managers faced are cross-cultural issues; training and development, remuneration package, performance appraisal and international staffing process. To fulfil these challenges, it is imperative that the HR managers are sensitive to the people and adaptable to the environment while their organisation establishes foothold globally. Cross-cultural issues Cross-cultural issues can turn disastrous if the HR managers are ignorant or refuse to spend efforts to understand the situations. Often so, this is the starting point where most misunderstanding and problems spawn. We will examine the few aspect of cross-cultural issues namely: communications, ethics and management style. Cross-cultural communications According to Stone(2008), cross-cultural communications occur when a person from one culture communicates with a person from another culture. Simple gestures, facial expressions and words can turn out to be very different in meaning, depending on the individual culture and priority they have for what and how things are being said or written. Stone went on further to break cross-cultural communications into two parts, high-context cultures and low-context cultures. Quoting from Stone(2008), high-context cultures can be defined as: Cultures where non-verbal communications (such as body language and gestures) and indirect language are use to transfer meaning And low-context cultures are being defined as: Cultures where verbal communications are explicit and direct. What is said is what is meant. High-context cultures can be commonly found in Asia countries where great importance is being placed in personal relationship like family relationship and friendships. It is crucial for HR managers to interpret the true meaning of what is being said over what the other party actually mean. Failure to do so will lead to unnecessary misunderstanding and confusion. Low-context cultures on the other hand are straight forward and simple. This culture is most prevalence in the western country where YES mean yes and NO simply mean no. HR managers should not beat around the bush when handling such situations. A direct and concise approach will lead to the progression of the matters on hand. Ethics Ethics can be explained as the ability to differentiate between right and wrong. It is a moral value instilled in one since young, and changes constantly due to environmental, religion influences and education level. What may seem right to you may be a big taboo to the others. As there are many grey areas where ethics is concern, extra sensitivity should always be bear in mind. This is especially so in situations where organisation do business in places where bribery and corruption are the key to business success or should organisation exploits the workers to their advantage when there is no worker union remains unanswered. HR managers should always refer back to the organisation values and direction so as to align their own judgment and ethics to the best of the organisation. Management style Management style can be greatly influence by the culture and the organisation structure. For example in Singapore Arm Forces (SAF), a military organisation; the management style has to be a top-down approach. When the commander has given a specific instruction, the rest will follow with no question asked and this management style is extremely critical especially during war time. Interestingly, this top-down approach or autocratic style is very common in Asia, mainly due to the respect and trust a subordinate has for their superiors, a clear display of cultural influence. Another management style which is a contrast to the top-down approach is the paternalistic style. This particular management style allows subordinates and their superiors to be on equal ground, allowing decision making to be distributed equally. This kind of management thrives in sectors where collative ideas are imperative to the success of the organisation. A good example will be the engineering or research sectors where there might be chances of a better idea coming from the subordinates instead. This kind of management style is widely practice in the western countries like United States, where children are taught to ask questions whenever they dont understand. Whichever management style to be apply will have to depend on the host country and their cultural background as well as the organisation core business. HR managers will have to be open minded and flexible as there is no one medicine that cure all illness. Training and development Training and development in foreign country can be a tricky issue. According to Stone(2008), diversity of the workforce, language and cultural differences will influence how the training and development program be structured. A very good example will be the language of the program to be conducted, should English or the host-country language be used? Are there any taboo topics which should be avoided? Which type of leaning style will attain the most desired result, instructional or facilitative style? These are the few areas of concerns that HR managers will tend to encounter frequently. As a general rule of thumb, new and innovative training and development can be good, but at the same time it should not deviate too much from the cultural norms. So as to ensure that the best end result can be achieve while not creating confusion and difficulties for the participants. Remuneration package National culture is an important consideration in strategic remuneration (Stone, 2008) Remuneration package will varies in different part of the world, depending heavily on the cultural environment of the host country. In places where seniority is valued, the remuneration style will be based on the rank and the number of years in service to the companies. Such remuneration style is prevalent in Asia countries and in organisation that adopt the hierarchy concept. A stark difference to this will be the meritocracy concept of remuneration package, where remuneration will be based on the individual achievement and contribution to the organisation. This style of remuneration is widely practice in the western country and in organisation where achievement and contribution can be quantified. Adopting the right remuneration package will not only spur employees to give their best but more importantly, it can retain the talents and boost the organisations reputation. Performance Appraisal Conventionally, performance appraisal was considered as a knotty problem in the HR function and internationalisation of organisation simply complicate this function further. Different cultures will have different appreciation for performance and it is virtually impossible to set a standard for performance. For example, to get a good performance appraisal in China, one will need to have good personal relationship with their superiors. (Lu et al, 1998) Knowing strong and influential people will also ensure a smooth work life. But this might not be the case in organisation where good performance simply mean high sales figure or other factors which can be quantified. Performance appraisal for expatriate is much more elaborated. The scarcity of resources available( eg. Poor infrastructure and communication) and the expatriate soft skill( eg. Adaptability and resourcefulness) must also be taken into account when doing their performance appraisal so as to establish a system of fairness to the expatriate. A reliable method to ensure that a professional and unbiased performance appraisal is being carried out is to have a set of guiding questions. These questions will act as a guide as to how a performance appraisal should be done. Stone(2008), listed a few questions which is fundamental to performance appraisal. Questions akin to definition of performance; what is the performance criteria; will the same criteria be use across all level of in the organisation and will the performance appraisal be assessed on a group or individual basis. International staffing process International staffing can also be term as international recruitment process. Organisations typically have three options of candidates namely the home country nationals, host country nationals and third country nationals. The home country nationals are the natural choice when it comes to international staffing as they are much well versed in the organisation goals, objectives and culture. Expatriate are constantly employed in global organisations. But what are the problems faced when employing expatriate? We can broadly classify the problems into expatriate selection and expatriate failure. Expatriate selection process Expatriate selection can be very complex in nature. Expatriate are constantly being expose to a spectrum of social and personal problems examples language barrier, culture differences and physical environment. If these are unanswered, it will ultimately lead to the failure of the expatriate. Organisation often perceive that a high flyer back home will do equally well in a foreign country, therefore emphasis is always on the expatriates work experience and capability rather than focusing on the expatriate ability to blend into the new environment. Stone (2008) did a survey from different HR managers all over the world. Stones survey was to determine the essential selection criteria on expatriate. Stones study revealed that different countries HR managers have different emphasis on the selection criteria, Stone went on further to suggested that this may be due to the different cultural values which the HR managers held. Stone concluded a list of desired selection criteria for expatriate and here are some of the criteria: effective communication; listening skill; stress tolerance; empathy; flexibility in dealing with foreign cultures; political skill and previous international experience. Expatriate failure Expatriate often fail due to their partner and their inability to adapt. (Stone, 2008) Adaptability seems to be the determinant factor for expatriate to make or break. Other factors include sub-standard performance, poor healthcare, safety implication and unattractive remuneration. (Insch et al, 2002) Such situations can be reduced if organisations have some pre-departure programs for their expatriates and families. Programs like cross cultural orientation where expatriate will gain knowledge of the cultural aspect of the host country so as to avoid cultural shock. Allowing the expatriates and their families to stay in the host country for about a month will enable the expatriates to adapt to the physical environment and slowly immense themselves into the countrys culture. To add on, providing a factual job scope and environment description to the expatriates will have them prepared mentally. All these will give the expatriates an expectation of the host country and avoid any unnecessary shock. Conclusion With the increasing of globalisation, international human resource management (IHRM) plays an important role in achieving the organisations goals. Organisations which recognise the importance of IHRM will definitely benefit than those who do not. They will be more ready to move their operations into another country and effectively manage their employees to achieve smooth operations of the organisations. As a HR manager, one has to be very sensitive and flexible to the cultural aspects. Besides that, having a good knowledge and positive attitude towards the host country will make the HR managers job less tedious. Organisations which rely heavily on expatriate must know the expatriate selection criteria well so as to send the best candidate out and reduce the chances of an expatriate failure. Comprehensive expatriate program must also be implemented in order to assist and prepare the expatriates for their long and scabrous journey. By preparing the expatriates adequately in terms of both physically and mentally will ensure that a pleasant job experience for the expatriate while maximising the expatriate capability and contributions to the organisation.

Effects of Gene p53 the Tumor Repressor Essay -- Biology Cancer

"Induction of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and Antitumor Immunity with DNA Vaccines Expressing Single T Cell Epitopes," by Frank Ciernik, Jay A. Berzofsky, and David P. Carbone explores the uses of the gene gun and how it can induce both humoral and cellular immunity. The paper specifically explores the effects of p53, a tumor repressor which gets its name from its molecular weight( p53 is a protein that has a molecular weight of 53). It is tremendously important because fifty percent of known cancer types stem from a mutation in this gene. A Brief History of Immunization Vaccines came about some 200 years ago when Jenner discovered that if someone caught a mild case of cowpox they would not get smallpox. In 1879, another scientist, Louis Pasteur, accidentally discovered the vaccine for fowl cholera by leaving cultures out in his laboratory. Later, Pasteur went on to develop an effective vaccine for rabies. The typhoid and cholera vaccines were produced by Wilhelm Kolle in 1896. The groundwork for tetanus and diptheria toxid vaccines was laid by Emil von Behring and Emile Roux in the early 20th century. In 1955, the polio vaccine, developed by Jonas Salk, was licensed. The Contagious and Non-Contagious Infectious Diseases Sourcebook estimates that a vaccine for chickenpox developed by Merrick Sharp Dohme will soon be available. ADVANTAGES There are many advantages to using gene immunization rather than protein immunization. For example, it is more effective at inducing cellular and humoral responses than protein. More importantly, it is safer. By targeting only the desired epitope, this method of immunization avoids the induction of unwanted responses. A current example of an unwelcome response would be... ... tumor cells in the mice. Modern Applications of Genetic Immunization The implications of the proposed vaccines introduced by this research could be immense. Along with the advantages over traditional vaccines, they may be applicable to infectious diseases of which no preventative measures are currently known. Effective immunization for infectious diseases could include innoculation from: BSE/ Cholera, Dengue, Ebola virus, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Hepatitis B, C viruses; Herpes simplex virus, HIV, Influenza, Malaria, Meningitis-causing enteroviruses, Papilloma virus, Rabies virus, Tuberculosis, and Yellow Fever. In addition, DNA epitope vaccines may elicit protective immune responses against cancer. Induced response against identified T cell epitopes including the inhibition of tumor growth could be the result of this break-through technology.

The Impact of Daycare on Infants

55% of American mothers now return to work by the time their children are one years old — out of either financial, professional, or personal necessity. In today’s society, there are concerns as to whether attending daycare during infancy produces negative or positive effects on the development of children. Many of these concerns are influenced by the fear that separating an infant from its mother may cause emotional harm to the child or disrupt the mother-infant bond. No study finds that children of employed mothers suffer solely because their mothers are working. Research has shown that mothers who work spend as much time playing with their babies as do mothers without outside jobs (Huston & Aronson, 2005). It has also been questioned as to whether home-based maternal care or nonrelatives day-care provide the child with more opportunity to develop cognitively and socially (Belsky and Steinberg 1978, Field 1991, Lamb 1996, Peisner-Feinberg et al. 2001). There has been research that has found positive effects of day-care on children’s social and cognitive development and suggests that perhaps child-care centers encourage more social interaction than the environment of a home-reared child. There may be more stimulation in day-care and more communication and sharing to be learned, therefore enhancing these abilities of the children who attend them (Peisner-Feinberg et al. 2001). Evidence shows that a good preschool education is beneficial to young children. Children who attend preschool have a head start when they begin elementary school having learned basic concepts in a preschool center. Some of the negative effects a child may experience while attending a child care center include high child to adult ratios, insufficient materials and equipment, staff with inadequate training and experience, and caregiver burnout. There are truly some wonderful and caregivers and daycares out there. Choosing the best one is a very important decision that a parent has to make. How Do You Choose A Good Day Care Center Choosing a day care center is one of the more important decisions parents can make on behalf of their child. While it may be tempting to be swayed by a center based on rates, location or even decor, there are several other factors to consider. When visiting a center there are several questions one can ask the director of the facility to determine if it’s the right one for your child or if you should keep looking (Maughan, 2008). 1. What are the operating hours of the facility 2. How are the children grouped in classes 3. What is the teacher to child ratio for each class 4. What is the centers check in and check out procedures 5. What is the centers policy on disciplinary action for children In addition to these questions a parent should tour the facility and go over the safety procedures for the facility. Word of mouth is also a good resource. Talk to family and friends and find out if and where their infant went to daycare. What would you tell a parent of an infant who is concerned about harming their baby by placing them in Day Care, but must work because of economic necessity? I would tell a parent who must place there infant in daycare to not worry. It won’t cause any harm to their child. As long as they put them in a good quality childcare facility the infant will be ok. The important thing for the parent is to do there homework ahead of time when looking for a facility. The parent can call the facility to see how there child is doing throughout the day. Some facilities even have cameras so the parent can actually see what there child is doing. This may ease the parents mind throughout the day so they won’t be so worried about what is going on with their child. According to the NICHD daycare seems detrimental only when the mother is insensitive and the infant spends more than 20 hours a week in a poor quality program (NICHD, 2005).

The Three R s Of Good Parenting - 1028 Words

Madison Isabel Martinek WRC 1023- Professor Wilson March 3, 2016 The Three R’s of Good Parenting: Relationship, Respect, and Responsibility. Parenting: from dressing, teaching, disciplining, to simply supporting a child, there are technically no right or wrong ways to provide care. Although there may not be a correct way, most, if not all, parents have been or will be criticized at some point because of their decisions in parenting. So what exactly makes someone good at parenting? A mother, father, or caregiver who exercises good parenting fosters a healthy relationship with the child, demonstrates and reciprocates respect, and reinforces responsibility. Parenting involves a lot more than just fathering or mothering a child. Often times, genetics don’t play a role in parenting at all anymore. Someone who parents is merely a person who takes on the responsibility of raising a child from a young age to adulthood. This can be through birth, adoption or foster care. Due to the large scale shift in society and offspring over time, I will be using the term â€Å"caregiver† to signify any person who consistently cares for a child throughout the rest of this paper. Regardless of the title used, each person ultimately performs the same duties involved with parenting and it is no task easily achieved. One of the most important things that a caregiver provides a child is a healthy relationship. The relationship held between a child and their caregiver is extremely important for emotionalShow MoreRelatedImportance Of Parenting Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Parenting Styles There are many different types of parenting styles in the world today. The way one chooses to raise their children, can play a very big role in a child’s behavior and success within the future. In 1967, a woman named Diana Baumrind contributed to the knowledge in socioemotional development by studying and researching parenting styles. 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